Detailed Cost Estimate & Design Dossier

District Rate F.Y. 2082/083 | Long wall / short wall takeoff

Bhadaure Toilet Models

Five Sanitation Designs — Drawings, Quantities & Costs

Bhadaure Eco-Sanitation Team · IOE Pulchowk

The Sanitation Challenge

Bhadaure is a sloped, water-scarce Dalit settlement on expansive red-clay soil. Standard pour-flush + soak-pit toilets are often unfeasible here. These five models give a graded menu — from a cheap waterless unit to a full piped-water toilet — each fully costed at district rates.

37.5% Sanitation Deficit

Many households share toilets or practise open defecation.

Impermeable Clay

Soak-pits fail in the expansive red clay across sloped terrain.

Water Scarcity

Long water-fetch times limit water-reliant pour-flush systems.

Community Equity

Households ready to contribute labour & local materials.

The Five Toilet Models at a Glance

Option 1

Brick · CGI · SATO

Option 2

Ferro-cement · Steel pan

Option 3

Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin

Option 4

Stone · Slate

Option 5

UDDT (waterless)

Each model is detailed next — drawings, quantities and full specifications.

All Five Working Drawings

Opt 1

Brick · CGI · SATO

Opt 2

Ferro-cement · Steel pan

Opt 3

Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin

Opt 4

Stone · Slate

Opt 5

UDDT (waterless)

Each design is dimensioned with a plan and a section (millimetres). Detailed drawings follow per option.

3D Walkthrough — Toilet Model

Shared Construction System

All five models share the same foundation and floor build-up; they differ in their walls, roof and sanitation fixture.

Floor build-up (top → down)

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

RC bands

Plinth + sill + lintel bands in M20 (1:1.5:3), 100 mm deep, tie the walls together — important on Bhadaure’s sloping, expansive-clay ground.

Option 1 — Brick · CGI · SATO

Option 1

Brick · CGI · SATO

Low-cost brick toilet with corrugated-sheet roof and a water-saving SATO pour-flush pan.

Pour-flush · minimal water

Estimated cost / unit

Rs 135,434

Option 1 — Design Concept

Pour-flush · minimal water

A simple brick room over a SATO pour-flush pan. Its self-sealing trap opens only when flushed — blocking odour and flies while using barely a litre of water, ideal for water-scarce Bhadaure. Waste is led to an offset pit/tank.

Among the lowest-cost options — simple brick box

SATO self-sealing pan needs very little water (good for water-scarce Bhadaure)

Familiar brick masonry — local masons can build it

Light CGI roof — easy to carry and fix

Option 1 — Floor Plan

Footprint1.46 m × 1.66 m

Internal clear1.00 m × 1.20 m

Walls230 mm brick masonry

Plan dimensions (mm)

600, 520, 400, 300 (×4) mm

Option 1 — Cross-Section

Overall height2.40 m

Roof30 mm CGI corrugated sheet

Plinth≈ 450 mm above GL

Section dimensions (mm)

2400 (wall ht), 1975 (door), 450 (plinth), 300, 150 mm

Option 1 — Sanitation System & Fixtures

SATO pour-flush pan

Self-sealing trap; ~1 L per flush

Timber door

0.75 × 1.95 m leaf

Ventilator

0.45 × 0.45 m, cross-airflow

Option 1 — Construction Build-up

Roof (top → down)

30 mm CGI corrugated sheetmono-pitch, sheds rain

50 × 75 mm timber battenssupport framing

Walls

230 mm brick masonry (1:4)+ 12 mm cement plaster

Floor build-up

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

Option 1 — Materials & Specifications

External footprint	1.46 m × 1.66 m
Internal clear	1.00 m × 1.20 m
Walls	230 mm brick masonry (1:4)
Overall height	2.40 m
Roof	30 mm CGI corrugated sheet on 50×75 timber battens
Substructure	350 mm stone footing + RC plinth/sill/lintel bands
Sanitary fixture	SATO pour-flush pan + P/S trap
Door / window	0.75 × 1.95 m / 0.45 × 0.45 m

Option 1 — Bill of Quantities

Quantities by long wall / short wall · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083.

#	Item of Work	Unit	Qty	Rate	Amount (Rs)
1	Earthwork in excavation (ordinary soil)	m^3	1.044	554	579
2	Stone masonry (II class) 1:6 c/s — substructure	m^3	0.304	6,220	1,894
3	RC beam & sill bands, M20 1:1.5:3, 100 mm	m^3	0.245	13,237	3,239
4	Compacted earth fill	m^3	0.240	857	206
5	Sand fill	m^3	0.120	2,742	329
6	Brick soling, 1 flat layer	m^2	1.200	858	1,029
7	PCC 1:3:6, 100 mm thick	m^3	0.120	11,199	1,344
8	50 mm cement-sand screed / punning floor	m^2	1.200	834	1,001
9	12 mm non-slippery stone (slate) flooring	m^2	1.200	1,737	2,085
10	1st class brickwork in 1:4 c/s mortar — walls	m^3	2.309	13,675	31,573
11	12 mm cement plaster 1:4	m^2	22.206	492	10,927
12	Woodwork for frames (Sal) — door & window	m^3	0.051	221,281	11,197
13	Woodwork for shutters (panelled)	m^2	1.357	9,326	12,655
14	Roof timber — rafters 75x50 + battens 50x25	m^3	0.063	141,101	8,889
15	CGI sheet roofing, 0.5 mm incl. fixing	m^2	2.787	1,108	3,089
16	Reinforcement, TMT bars (cut/bend/fix)	kg	28.820	136	3,928
17	Steps — mass concrete M20	m^3	0.425	12,828	5,456
18	SATO pan set	set	1.000	3,377	3,377

Option 1 — Cost Summary

Works Sub-total (A)Rs 102,796

Add: Contingencies (4% of A)Rs 4,112

Add: Carriage by tractor (5.8 km off-road + 1.1 km paved)Rs 12,945

Add: VAT (13%)Rs 15,581

FINAL AMOUNT (per unit)Rs 135,434

Carriage

Rs 12,945

Labour (in works)

Rs 22,084

Option 1 — Strengths & Best Fit

Among the lowest-cost options — simple brick box

SATO self-sealing pan needs very little water (good for water-scarce Bhadaure)

Familiar brick masonry — local masons can build it

Light CGI roof — easy to carry and fix

Best fit

Households wanting an affordable, durable masonry toilet where a small amount of water is available for the SATO pan.

Final cost per unit

Rs 135,434

Option 2 — Ferro-cement · Steel pan

Option 2

Ferro-cement · Steel pan

Lightweight, fast-to-build ferro-cement shell — the cheapest of the five models.

Ferro-cement shell · dry squat

Estimated cost / unit

Rs 66,863

Option 2 — 3D Visualisation

Option 2 — Design Concept

Ferro-cement shell · dry squat

A thin ferro-cement shell (steel wire-mesh plastered with 1:3 cement mortar) forms the walls and roof in one light, monolithic piece — fast and cheap. A stainless-steel squat pan serves the user; no RC bands are required.

Lightest structure — least material to carry to site

Fast to cast; thin wire-mesh + mortar shell

Cheapest model overall

Steel pan is robust and reusable

Option 2 — Floor Plan

Footprint1.12 m × 1.32 m

Internal clear1.02 m × 1.22 m

Walls~40–50 mm ferro-cement shell

Plan dimensions (mm)

1120, 600, 520, 500, 400 (×2), 300 (×4), 230 mm

Option 2 — Cross-Section

Overall height2.40 → 2.625 m (mono-pitch)

RoofFerro-cement / light CGI sheet

Plinth≈ 450 mm above GL

Section dimensions (mm)

2625 / 2400 (mono-pitch), 450 (plinth), 150 mm

Option 2 — Sanitation System & Fixtures

Steel squat pan

Durable stainless pan + trap

Ferro-cement shell

~40–50 mm walls & roof

Door & vent

Light openings

Option 2 — Construction Build-up

Roof (top → down)

10 mm corrugated / ferro rooflight mono-pitch

Ferro-cement shellwire-mesh + 1:3 mortar

Walls

~40–50 mm ferro-cement shell (wire-mesh + 1:3 mortar)monolithic shell

Floor build-up

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

Option 2 — Materials & Specifications

External footprint	1.12 m × 1.32 m
Internal clear	1.02 m × 1.22 m
Walls	~40–50 mm ferro-cement shell (wire-mesh + 1:3 mortar)
Overall height	2.40 → 2.625 m (mono-pitch)
Roof	Ferro-cement / light CGI sheet
Substructure	350 mm stone footing (no RC bands — monolithic shell)
Sanitary fixture	Stainless-steel squat pan + trap
Door / window	0.75 × 1.95 m / 0.45 × 0.45 m

Option 2 — Bill of Quantities

Quantities by long wall / short wall · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083.

#	Item of Work	Unit	Qty	Rate	Amount (Rs)
1	Earthwork in excavation (ordinary soil)	m^3	1.058	554	587
2	Stone masonry (II class) 1:6 c/s — substructure	m^3	0.309	6,220	1,920
3	Compacted earth fill	m^3	0.249	857	213
4	Sand fill	m^3	0.124	2,742	341
5	Brick soling, 1 flat layer	m^2	1.244	858	1,068
6	PCC 1:3:6, 100 mm thick	m^3	0.124	11,199	1,393
7	50 mm cement-sand screed / punning floor	m^2	1.244	834	1,038
8	12 mm non-slippery stone (slate) flooring	m^2	1.244	1,737	2,162
9	Ferro-cement shell ~40 mm (wall & roof)	m^2	11.646	2,326	27,083
10	Woodwork for shutters (panelled)	m^2	1.000	9,326	9,326
11	Reinforcement, TMT bars (cut/bend/fix)	kg	5.510	136	751
12	Steps — mass concrete M20	m^3	0.200	12,828	2,566
13	Steel pan set	set	1.000	4,182	4,182

Option 2 — Cost Summary

Works Sub-total (A)Rs 52,629

Add: Contingencies (4% of A)Rs 2,105

Add: Carriage by tractor (5.8 km off-road + 1.1 km paved)Rs 4,436

Add: VAT (13%)Rs 7,692

FINAL AMOUNT (per unit)Rs 66,863

Carriage

Rs 4,436

Labour (in works)

Rs 17,997

Option 2 — Strengths & Best Fit

Lightest structure — least material to carry to site

Fast to cast; thin wire-mesh + mortar shell

Cheapest model overall

Steel pan is robust and reusable

Best fit

The most budget-constrained households, or where rapid, lightweight construction is the priority.

Final cost per unit

Rs 66,863

Option 3 — Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin

Option 3

Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin

Full-service brick toilet with a flat RCC roof, roof-top water tank and a hand-wash basin.

Piped water · pan + wash basin

Estimated cost / unit

Rs 156,933

Option 3 — 3D Visualisation (Exterior)

Option 3 — 3D Visualisation (Interior & System)

Inside: Orissa pan, tiled dado, grilled window & external wash basin

System: roof tank + vent pipe feeding the pan & basin, with twin septic chambers

Option 3 — Design Concept

Piped water · pan + wash basin

The full-service model: a brick room with a flat RCC roof that carries a 500 L tank. Gravity-fed water supplies the pan and a wash-hand basin, giving a complete, modern wash facility wherever a water source exists.

Piped water from a 500 L roof-top tank — supports flushing & hand-washing

Includes a complete wash-basin point (basin + pedestal + CP tap)

Durable flat RCC roof — long service life

Highest service level of the five

Option 3 — Floor Plan

Footprint1.66 m × 1.46 m

Internal clear1.20 m × 1.00 m

Walls230 mm brick masonry

Plan dimensions (mm)

3010, 1660, 1460, 1200, 1000, 750 (×2), 480, 300 (×2), 230 (×2) mm

Option 3 — Cross-Section

Overall height2.40 m

Roof100 mm RCC slab

Plinth≈ 450 mm above GL

Section dimensions (mm)

2400 (wall ht), 1975 (door), 450 (plinth), 300, 150, 125 (×2) mm

Option 3 — Sanitation System & Fixtures

Orissa pan + P/S trap

Pour-flush WC

500 L overhead tank

Gravity-fed supply

Wash basin + CP tap

Hand-washing point

Door & glazed window

Lit, ventilated

Option 3 — Construction Build-up

Roof (top → down)

100 mm RCC slab (M20)flat structural roof

500 L PVC tankroof-top, gravity feed

Walls

230 mm brick masonry (1:4)+ 12 mm cement plaster

Floor build-up

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

Option 3 — Materials & Specifications

External footprint	1.66 m × 1.46 m
Internal clear	1.20 m × 1.00 m
Walls	230 mm brick masonry (1:4)
Overall height	2.40 m
Roof	100 mm RCC slab (M20) — flat roof carrying the tank
Substructure	350 mm stone footing + RC bands
Sanitary fixture	Orissa pan + 500 L overhead PVC tank + wash basin (CP tap)
Door / window	0.75 × 1.95 m / 0.45 × 0.45 m

Option 3 — Bill of Quantities

Quantities by long wall / short wall · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083.

#	Item of Work	Unit	Qty	Rate	Amount (Rs)
1	Earthwork in excavation (ordinary soil)	m^3	1.044	554	579
2	Stone masonry (II class) 1:6 c/s — substructure	m^3	0.304	6,220	1,894
3	RC beam & sill bands, M20 1:1.5:3, 100 mm	m^3	0.245	13,237	3,239
4	Compacted earth fill	m^3	0.240	857	206
5	Sand fill	m^3	0.120	2,742	329
6	Brick soling, 1 flat layer	m^2	1.200	858	1,029
7	PCC 1:3:6, 100 mm thick	m^3	0.120	11,199	1,344
8	50 mm cement-sand screed / punning floor	m^2	1.200	834	1,001
9	12 mm non-slippery stone (slate) flooring	m^2	1.200	1,737	2,085
10	1st class brickwork in 1:4 c/s mortar — walls	m^3	2.309	13,675	31,573
11	12 mm cement plaster 1:4	m^2	22.206	492	10,927
12	Woodwork for frames (Sal) — door & window	m^3	0.051	221,281	11,197
13	Woodwork for shutters (panelled)	m^2	1.357	9,326	12,655
14	RCC slab roof, M20 1:1.5:3 (excl. steel/formwork)	m^3	0.242	14,537	3,524
15	Formwork / shuttering for slab	m^2	2.424	1,060	2,568
16	Reinforcement, TMT bars (cut/bend/fix)	kg	57.360	136	7,818
17	Steps — mass concrete M20	m^3	0.425	12,828	5,456
18	Sanitary — Orissa pan set (pan+trap+conn.)	set	1.000	5,878	5,878
19	Overhead PVC water tank 500 L (set)	set	1.000	9,078	9,078
20	Wash basin set (basin+pedestal+trap+CP tap+connection)	set	1.000	8,005	8,005

Option 3 — Cost Summary

Works Sub-total (A)Rs 120,384

Add: Contingencies (4% of A)Rs 4,815

Add: Carriage by tractor (5.8 km off-road + 1.1 km paved)Rs 13,679

Add: VAT (13%)Rs 18,054

FINAL AMOUNT (per unit)Rs 156,933

Carriage

Rs 13,679

Labour (in works)

Rs 25,612

Option 3 — Strengths & Best Fit

Piped water from a 500 L roof-top tank — supports flushing & hand-washing

Includes a complete wash-basin point (basin + pedestal + CP tap)

Durable flat RCC roof — long service life

Highest service level of the five

Best fit

Sites with a reliable water source — gives the most complete, modern wash facility.

Final cost per unit

Rs 156,933

Option 4 — Stone · Slate

Option 4

Stone · Slate

Traditional load-bearing stone masonry with a local slate roof.

Stone masonry · slate roof

Estimated cost / unit

Rs 149,752

Option 4 — 3D Visualisation

Option 4 — Design Concept

Stone masonry · slate roof

A traditional load-bearing stone toilet with a local slate roof — durable and in keeping with the village vernacular. A pour-flush Orissa pan is used. The heavy 350 mm walls give long life but high carriage unless stone is local.

Uses local stone & slate — fits the vernacular

Very durable, heavy load-bearing walls

Natural materials, low embodied cement

Heaviest — highest carriage if stone is not sourced locally

Option 4 — Floor Plan

Footprint1.90 m × 1.70 m

Internal clear1.20 m × 1.00 m

Walls350 mm stone masonry

Plan dimensions (mm)

1900, 1700 (×2), 1200, 1000, 750 (×2), 600, 350, 300 (×2) mm

Option 4 — Cross-Section

Overall height2.10 → 2.315 m (mono-pitch)

RoofLocal slate tiles

Plinth≈ 450 mm above GL

Section dimensions (mm)

2315 / 2100 (mono-pitch), 1050, 600, 450 (plinth), 320, 190, 175, 150 mm

Option 4 — Sanitation System & Fixtures

Orissa pan + P/S trap

Pour-flush WC

Stone masonry walls

350 mm load-bearing

Slate roof

Natural, durable tiles

Option 4 — Construction Build-up

Roof (top → down)

75 mm (3") slate tileslocal flag-stone

100 × 75 mm battenstile support

75 mm (3") raftersroof framing

Walls

350 mm stone masonry (1:4)+ 12 mm cement plaster

Floor build-up

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

Option 4 — Materials & Specifications

External footprint	1.90 m × 1.70 m
Internal clear	1.20 m × 1.00 m
Walls	350 mm stone masonry (1:4)
Overall height	2.10 → 2.315 m (mono-pitch)
Roof	Local slate tiles on timber rafters/battens
Substructure	350 mm stone footing + RC bands
Sanitary fixture	Orissa pan + P/S trap
Door / window	0.75 × 1.95 m / 0.45 × 0.45 m

Option 4 — Bill of Quantities

Quantities by long wall / short wall · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083.

#	Item of Work	Unit	Qty	Rate	Amount (Rs)
1	Earthwork in excavation (ordinary soil)	m^3	1.044	554	579
2	Stone masonry (II class) 1:6 c/s — substructure	m^3	0.304	6,220	1,894
3	RC beam & sill bands, M20 1:1.5:3, 100 mm	m^3	0.406	13,237	5,374
4	Compacted earth fill	m^3	0.240	857	206
5	Sand fill	m^3	0.120	2,742	329
6	Brick soling, 1 flat layer	m^2	1.200	858	1,029
7	PCC 1:3:6, 100 mm thick	m^3	0.120	11,199	1,344
8	50 mm cement-sand screed / punning floor	m^2	1.200	834	1,001
9	12 mm non-slippery stone (slate) flooring	m^2	1.200	1,737	2,085
10	Stone masonry (I class) 1:4 c/s — walls	m^3	3.491	7,259	25,344
11	Woodwork for frames (Sal) — door & window	m^3	0.051	221,281	11,197
12	Woodwork for shutters (panelled)	m^2	1.357	9,326	12,655
13	Roof timber — rafters 75x50 + battens 50x25	m^3	0.084	141,101	11,796
14	Slate roofing on battens	m^2	6.477	2,040	13,211
15	Reinforcement, TMT bars (cut/bend/fix)	kg	47.810	136	6,516
16	Steps — mass concrete M20	m^3	0.425	12,828	5,456
17	Sanitary — Orissa pan set (pan+trap+conn.)	set	1.000	5,878	5,878

Option 4 — Cost Summary

Works Sub-total (A)Rs 105,893

Add: Contingencies (4% of A)Rs 4,236

Add: Carriage by tractor (5.8 km off-road + 1.1 km paved)Rs 22,395

Add: VAT (13%)Rs 17,228

FINAL AMOUNT (per unit)Rs 149,752

Carriage

Rs 22,395

Labour (in works)

Rs 23,009

Option 4 — Strengths & Best Fit

Uses local stone & slate — fits the vernacular

Very durable, heavy load-bearing walls

Natural materials, low embodied cement

Heaviest — highest carriage if stone is not sourced locally

Best fit

Where stone & slate are available near the site — durable and traditional, but watch the carriage cost.

Final cost per unit

Rs 149,752

Option 5 — UDDT (waterless)

Option 5

UDDT (waterless)

Urine-diverting dry toilet — waterless, raised on a twin collection vault. The eco-sanitation answer for Bhadaure.

Waterless · twin-vault · eco-san

Estimated cost / unit

Rs 146,217

Option 5 — 3D Visualisation

Option 5 — Design Concept

Waterless · twin-vault · eco-san

A waterless urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT). The special pan separates urine (drained at the front) from faeces (dropped into one of two sealed vaults). A full vault rests and composts while the second is used — yielding safe soil conditioner. No water, no soak-pit: the strongest fit for Bhadaure’s clay soil.

Completely WATERLESS — ideal where water is scarce

Urine diversion + twin vaults = safe reuse / composting

No soak-pit needed — suits the impermeable red-clay soil

True eco-sanitation; nutrients returned to farmland

Option 5 — Floor Plan

Footprint1.66 m × 1.46 m

Internal clear1.20 m × 1.00 m

Walls230 mm brick masonry

Plan dimensions (mm)

3010, 1660, 1460, 1200, 1000, 750 (×2), 480, 300 (×2), 230 mm

Option 5 — Cross-Section

Overall height2.30 m

RoofMetal roofing sheet

Plinth≈ 450 mm above GL

Section dimensions (mm)

2300, 1050, 1000 (×2), 600, 500, 200, 150 (×3), 100 mm

Option 5 — Sanitation System & Fixtures

UD diverting pan

Urine front, faeces rear

Vent pipe

Dries vault, controls odour

Twin collection vaults

Alternating fill / compost

Access steps

Raised floor ~1.0 m

Option 5 — Construction Build-up

Roof (top → down)

25 mm metal roofing sheetmono-pitch

100 × 75 mm battenssheet support

75 mm (3") raftersframing

Walls

230 mm brick masonry (1:4)+ 12 mm cement plaster

Floor build-up

12 mm non-slip stone flooringwet-area safe finish

50 mm cement punningsmooth screed

100 mm PCC 1:3:6sub-base concrete

Brick soling (1 flat layer)load distribution

Sand filling, compactedlevelling layer

Rammed earthcompacted subgrade

Foundation

350 mm stone footing + M20 RC plinth / sill / lintel bands; trench 0.45 m × 0.40 m.

Option 5 — Materials & Specifications

External footprint	1.66 m × 1.46 m
Internal clear	1.20 m × 1.00 m
Walls	230 mm brick masonry (1:4), raised ~1.0 m on a twin vault
Overall height	2.30 m
Roof	Metal roofing sheet on timber rafters/battens
Substructure	Raised twin vault + RCC cover slab + steps
Sanitary fixture	UDDT urine-diverting pan + vent pipe + twin masonry vaults
Door / window	0.75 × 1.95 m / 0.45 × 0.45 m

Option 5 — Bill of Quantities

Quantities by long wall / short wall · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083.

#	Item of Work	Unit	Qty	Rate	Amount (Rs)
1	Earthwork in excavation (ordinary soil)	m^3	1.044	554	579
2	Stone masonry (II class) 1:6 c/s — substructure	m^3	0.304	6,220	1,894
3	RC beam & sill bands, M20 1:1.5:3, 100 mm	m^3	0.245	13,237	3,239
4	Compacted earth fill	m^3	0.240	857	206
5	Sand fill	m^3	0.120	2,742	329
6	Brick soling, 1 flat layer	m^2	1.200	858	1,029
7	PCC 1:3:6, 100 mm thick	m^3	0.120	11,199	1,344
8	50 mm cement-sand screed / punning floor	m^2	1.200	834	1,001
9	12 mm non-slippery stone (slate) flooring	m^2	1.200	1,737	2,085
10	1st class brickwork in 1:4 c/s mortar — walls	m^3	2.417	13,675	33,046
11	12 mm cement plaster 1:4	m^2	21.142	492	10,404
12	Woodwork for frames (Sal) — door & window	m^3	0.051	221,281	11,197
13	Woodwork for shutters (panelled)	m^2	1.357	9,326	12,655
14	Roof timber — rafters 75x50 + battens 50x25	m^3	0.063	141,101	8,889
15	CGI sheet roofing, 0.5 mm incl. fixing	m^2	2.787	1,108	3,089
16	Reinforcement, TMT bars (cut/bend/fix)	kg	42.950	136	5,854
17	Steps — mass concrete M20	m^3	0.425	12,828	5,456
18	RCC slab roof, M20 1:1.5:3 (excl. steel/formwork)	m^3	0.120	14,537	1,744
19	Formwork / shuttering for slab	m^2	1.200	1,060	1,272
20	UDDT urine-diverting pan set	set	1.000	6,022	6,022

Option 5 — Cost Summary

Works Sub-total (A)Rs 111,332

Add: Contingencies (4% of A)Rs 4,453

Add: Carriage by tractor (5.8 km off-road + 1.1 km paved)Rs 13,610

Add: VAT (13%)Rs 16,821

FINAL AMOUNT (per unit)Rs 146,217

Carriage

Rs 13,610

Labour (in works)

Rs 23,546

Option 5 — Strengths & Best Fit

Completely WATERLESS — ideal where water is scarce

Urine diversion + twin vaults = safe reuse / composting

No soak-pit needed — suits the impermeable red-clay soil

True eco-sanitation; nutrients returned to farmland

Best fit

Bhadaure’s flagship eco-san solution — works with no water and on expansive clay where soak-pits fail.

Final cost per unit

Rs 146,217

How the Estimates Are Built

Every item uses a District Rate Analysis (DRA) to the F.Y. 2082/083 rate book.

Material cost (cement, brick, stone, sand, steel…)

Labour (skilled + unskilled days × wage)

Tools & plant = 3% of labour

Overhead & profit = 15%

Analysed rate $= (A + B + C)\times 1.15$ → then per item: Quantity × Rate

Quantities are taken off by the long wall / short wall method, verified against the option drawings.

Carriage — by Tractor (District Rate)

Materials travel from the vendor to the site by tractor: 5.8 km on a rough tractor-only road + 1.1 km on pitched (paved) road.

Tractor-only road · 5.8 km

District Rate 2082/083 — Rs 14.00 / quintal·km (ट्र्याक्टर मात्र चल्ने सडक).

Paved road · 1.1 km

District Rate — Rs 3.45 / quintal·km (पक्की सडक).

Load + unload

Handling charge — Rs 0.55/kg (easy) or Rs 1.15/kg (fragile).

Carriage $=$ Weight (quintal) $\times$ Lead (km) $\times$ Rate $+$ load/unload

Because a tractor can reach the site, carriage is ~75–80% lower than the earlier mule assumption; local sourcing of sand/stone trims it further.

Cost Comparison — All Five Models

Model	Works	Labour*	Carriage	VAT 13%	FINAL (Rs)
Opt 1 · Brick · CGI · SATO	102,796	22,084	12,945	15,581	135,434
Opt 2 · Ferro-cement · Steel pan	52,629	17,997	4,436	7,692	66,863
Opt 3 · Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin	120,384	25,612	13,679	18,054	156,933
Opt 4 · Stone · Slate	105,893	23,009	22,395	17,228	149,752
Opt 5 · UDDT (waterless)	111,332	23,546	13,610	16,821	146,217

*Labour is already included inside the works figure (shown for information, not added again). Each rate also loads 3% tools + 15% overhead & profit.

Per-Unit Final Cost

Option 2 (ferro-cement) is cheapest; Option 3 (flush · tank · wash basin) is dearest — driven by its richer works content. With tractor carriage, transport is no longer the main cost driver.

What Drives Each Cost

Stacked build-up: works + 4% contingency + carriage + 13% VAT.

Carriage by Model

By tractor (District Rate 2082/083) carriage is far below mule haulage. Heavy stone (Opt 4) and brick (Opt 1, 3, 5) still carry the most weight; load/unload is a fixed handling charge.

Labour Content by Model

Direct wages embedded in the works rates — skilled @ Rs 1,150/day, unskilled @ Rs 585/day.

Service Level vs. Affordability

Option	Water need	Durability	Cost (Rs)
Opt 1 · Brick · CGI · SATO	Low	High	135,434
Opt 2 · Ferro-cement · Steel pan	Low	Medium	66,863
Opt 3 · Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin	High	High	156,933
Opt 4 · Stone · Slate	Low	Very high	149,752
Opt 5 · UDDT (waterless)	None	High	146,217

Best value for Bhadaure: Option 5 (UDDT) for waterless eco-san, or Option 2 for the tightest budget.

The Leach Pit & Interconnection

Each toilet discharges to a leach pit. A complete disposal system = one pit type (dry or wet) + one interconnection. Quantities are sized for 5 users; rates include tractor carriage (Rs 139.99/quintal), 4% contingency and 13% VAT.

Dry leach pit

Single pit, honeycomb-brick lining + RCC cover slab. Suits low-water toilets (SATO / squat / pour-flush).

WorksRs 12,310

Final · incl. carriage+VATRs 16,696

Wet twin-circular pit

Twin pits, deeper, with extra honeycomb lining. Essential for the flush toilet (Option 3) and its higher water load.

WorksRs 16,795

Final · incl. carriage+VATRs 22,664

Interconnection · Alt 1

75 mm pipes + bifurcation chamber — the lower-cost connection.

FinalRs 4,106

Interconnection · Alt 2

Covered brick drains — slightly higher cost, no pipework.

FinalRs 5,445

Complete Pit Systems (5 users)

System · pit + interconnection	Final (Rs)
Dry pit + Alt 1 · piped + chamber lowest	29,641
Dry pit + Alt 2 · covered drain	32,581
Wet twin pit + Alt 1 · piped + chamber	38,134
Wet twin pit + Alt 2 · covered drain	41,075

A complete system = one pit type (dry OR wet) + one interconnection (Alt 1 OR Alt 2).

Materials take-off · all four components

Cement4.09 bag

Sand0.58 m³

Aggregate0.18 m³

Brick cl.75785 nos

TMT steel14.75 kg

75 mm pipe3 m

Skilled4.82 days

Unskilled11.78 days

Grand Total — Toilet + Leach-Pit System

Option	Toilet only	+ Dry·Alt 1	+ Dry·Alt 2	+ Wet·Alt 1	+ Wet·Alt 2
Opt 1 · Brick · CGI · SATO	135,434	156,236	157,575	162,205	163,544
Opt 2 · Ferro-cement · Steel pan	66,863	87,665	89,004	93,633	94,973
Opt 3 · Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin	156,933	—	—	183,703	185,043
Opt 4 · Stone · Slate	149,752	170,554	171,893	176,523	177,862
Opt 5 · UDDT (waterless)	146,217	167,019	168,358	172,987	174,327

Option 3 (flush + tank) uses the wet twin pit only — dry-pit cells show “—”.

Option 5 (UDDT) is waterless — its twin vaults are the disposal, so a leach pit is optional (greywater only).

Grand total = per-unit toilet cost + chosen complete pit system · all figures Rs, incl. carriage + 13% VAT.

Which Model, Which Context?

Opt 1

Brick · CGI · SATO

Households wanting an affordable, durable masonry toilet where a small amount of water is available for the SATO pan.

Rs 135,434

Opt 2

Ferro-cement · Steel pan

The most budget-constrained households, or where rapid, lightweight construction is the priority.

Rs 66,863

Opt 3

Brick · RCC · Tank + Basin

Sites with a reliable water source — gives the most complete, modern wash facility.

Rs 156,933

Opt 4

Stone · Slate

Where stone & slate are available near the site — durable and traditional, but watch the carriage cost.

Rs 149,752

Opt 5

UDDT (waterless)

Bhadaure’s flagship eco-san solution — works with no water and on expansive clay where soak-pits fail.

Rs 146,217

Cost vs. Context for Bhadaure

No water? → UDDT

Option 5 is waterless and needs no soak-pit — the strongest fit for Bhadaure’s clay soil and water scarcity.

Tight budget? → Ferro-cement

Option 2 is the cheapest at Rs 66,863, light to carry, quick to build.

Water available? → Brick + RCC

Option 3 gives piped water, a wash basin and a durable roof for full service.

Simple & affordable → Brick + CGI

Option 1 is a familiar, low-cost masonry toilet with a water-saving SATO pan.

Local stone? → Stone + slate

Option 4 is durable and traditional; with tractor access its carriage is modest — cheaper still if stone & slate are sourced locally.

Carriage now modest

With tractor access at District Rate, carriage is only ~10–20% of works — no longer the main driver. Local sand/stone trims it further.

Key Takeaways

The UDDT (Option 5, Rs 146,217) is the best technical fit for Bhadaure — waterless and soak-pit-free.

Option 2 (ferro-cement, Rs 66,863) is the lowest-cost; Option 3 (flush · tank · basin, Rs 156,933) is the highest, due to its richer works content.

Carriage is by tractor at District Rate 2082/083 (5.8 km tractor-only road + 1.1 km paved + load/unload) — far below mule haulage; local sourcing trims it further.

All quantities use the long wall / short wall method at District Rate 2082/083, verified against the option drawings.

Scope, Assumptions & Caveats

Included

Civil works, sanitary fixtures, roof, steps, labour, tools, 15% OH&P, 4% contingency, carriage and 13% VAT.

Excluded

Land, water-source development, approach works, electrical, and any site-specific foundation upgrades.

Assumptions

Internal clear 1.2×1.0 m; brick 230 mm, stone 350 mm, ferro ~50 mm; mono-pitch roofs use average eave height.

To confirm

Pitched-road vehicle rate (assumed Rs 8/q·km), fixture market prices, and whether stone/sand are locally available.

Implementation Roadmap

Community choice

Present these five costed options; let households pick by water access, budget and soil.

Confirm rates

Lock fixture prices and the pitched-road vehicle rate; check local stone/sand sourcing.

Detailed design

Finalise foundations & vault details for the chosen model on each plot.

Mobilise

Procure materials, arrange carriage, schedule masons with community labour.

Build & monitor

Construct, inspect against the QCS, and document for the next phase.

Community Contribution Lowers Cost

The estimates price all labour at district wage rates. Bhadaure’s households are ready to contribute “sweat equity” — which directly reduces the cash cost.

Unskilled labour

Households can do excavation, carriage assistance, and helper work — a large share of the unskilled days.

Local materials

Stone, sand and aggregate gathered locally cut both material and carriage costs sharply.

Cash saving

Every unskilled day contributed saves ~Rs 585; local sourcing can save tens of thousands on carriage.

The figures shown are the full cost; community contribution makes the real cash outlay lower.

Thank You

Five fully-costed sanitation designs for the Bhadaure settlement — ready for community selection and tendering.

Bhadaure Eco-Sanitation Team · IOE Pulchowk Campus · District Rate F.Y. 2082/083